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Vibes Of India
Vibes Of India

Ton-Up ISRO Celebrates Momentous Occasion

| Updated: January 30, 2025 13:37

A hundred, they say, is always special. And the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will always cherish the milestone of the 100th launch on Wednesday. 

The space agency marked the momentous occasion by placing the navigation satellite NVS-02 into orbit. 

New ISRO chairman Dr V Narayanan paid tribute to space pioneers such as APJ Abdul Kalam, Satish Dhawan, and Vikram Sarabhai. 

For those with a penchant for history, ISRO traces its lineage back to the Indian National Committee for Space Research, set up in 1962. The agency, which has since then emerged as a reliable ally for launching satellites of other countries, was founded in 1969. Coincidentally, it was also in the same year that the US sent astronauts to the moon.

A separate Department of Space was established in 1972.

Over the years, ISRO developed several rockets and became one of the trusted agencies for launching satellites belonging to other countries. Apart from launching various kinds of satellites, such as navigation, communication, and earth observation satellites, the agency also conducted scientific missions, including the three Chandrayaan missions, which provide valuable data to researchers all over the world.

ISRO created six generations of launch vehicles, and currently, four are in operations. The first two generations are no longer operational. The SLV-3, a four-stage solid fuel vehicle, had three developmental flights and one operational flight, able to carry 40 kg to low Earth orbit. Its upgraded version could carry 150 kg but had only four developmental flights.

The PSLV, the third generation, remains ISRO’s main launch vehicle. This four-stage rocket, using solid and liquid fuel engines, can carry just under 2,000 kg to low Earth orbit. Out of 62 PSLV flights, only two have failed.

The GSLV was later developed, initially using cryogenic engines from Russia. When technology transfer from Russia was hindered by geopolitical issues, India created its own cryogenic engine. 

GSLV-F15, used for the 100th launch, is the 11th flight utilising this indigenous engine. The GSLV MkIII, now called LVM3, can carry nearly 8,500 kg to low Earth orbit and has been successfully launched seven times without failure. This rocket was used for the Chandrayaan-2 and 3 missions. 

A modified version will be used for the human spaceflight mission, Gaganyaan.

Additionally, ISRO created the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV), which has three completed developmental flights, for the commercial launch of small satellites. ISRO has successfully launched 548 satellites totalling 120 tons into orbit in its first 100 flights. This comprises 433 23-ton foreign spacecraft. 

The organisation has carried out a number of scientific projects, such as the solar mission Aditya L1, the Chandrayaan missions, the Mars Orbiter Mission, and the AstroSat space observatory.

Looking ahead, ISRO intends sending humans to the moon, sending a sample back from the moon, sending a mission to Venus, and building an Indian space station. 

It’s building a Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV), which will be capable of transporting up to 30,000 kg to low Earth orbit, to support these initiatives. The NGLV will have a reusable first stage to save launch costs and stand 91 meters tall, compared to the LVM3’s 43 meters.

The government has approved the construction of a third launch pad, which will cost approximately Rs 3,984.86 crores and take four years to complete. This launch pad will not only support NGLV missions but also allow for increased LVM3 launches, boosting ISRO’s ability to handle major commercial missions.

NVS-02 is one of five replacement satellites for the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System known as NavIC. 

These new satellites are heavier, have longer mission lives, and include an atomic clock. They also support a third frequency, L1, which is commonly used by the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS). This upgrade will enhance the use of NavIC signals, as many devices now include receivers for L1 signals. NavIC is a regional navigation system that relies on seven satellites.

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