Though Gujarat has served as an ultimate development template in India for years due to its high industrial growth and impeccable social engineering foundations , the underbelly of this development model is rife with incongruities.
Issues of excessive loan burden on Gujaratis and stunted growth of its kids have long existed side by side with the stories of Gujarat’s economic prowess that make the most palatable news.
A recent report by NITI Aayog says at least 38.09 per cent of the state’s population is undernourished, with nearly half of the rural Gujarat population deprived of nutrition (44.45 per cent). The figure for urban areas is 28.97 per cent, according to the National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report (released by Niti Aayog in July).
According to NITI Aayog, states traditionally considered backward, like Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh have fared comparatively better than Gujarat on the nutrition front. Gujarat ranked fourth in terms of stunted children, according to data from NFHS 5 (National Family Health Survey). A whopping 39 per cent of children in the state are underweight for their age.
Furthermore, Gujarat ranked second in terms of wasted and underweight children, at 25.1 per cent and 39.7 per cent, respectively. This reflects the state’s poor performance in terms of health metrics.
Data clearly shows that three out of every 100 individuals in Gujarat were suffering from malnutrition during this time period, whilst West Bengal fared better with less than six out of every 100 people suffering from the condition. Gujarat’s performance in housing also leaves room for improvement when compared to other states.
According to NITI Aayog, 23.30 per cent of the population is deprived of housing in Gujarat. Kerala, Punjab and Tamil Nadu have performed better. The scenario is worse for rural areas as 35.52 per cent of the rural population is deprived of housing, which is higher than in states such as Haryana, Punjab, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
When it comes to poverty, the number of multidimensional poor in Gujarat has come down significantly to 11.66 per cent in 2019-21 (NFHS-5 ) from 18.47 per cent during 2015-16 (NFHS-4). Though Gujarat is not on the list of 10 states at the bottom, states like Maharashtra (7.81 per cent), Andhra Pradesh (6.06 per cent), Punjab (4.75 per cent), Tamil Nadu (2.20 per cent), Kerala (0.55 per cent) and Karnataka (7.58 per cent) have performed way better as far as headcount ratio is concerned.
Dahod has the highest poverty headcount ratio at 38.27 per cent, while the lowest recorded for Navsari is 4.84 per cent. Multidimensional poverty shows that economic development is scattered in Gujarat and concentrated in urban areas, experts said.
The intensity of poverty makes it possible to see how far the living standards of the poor population are from the poverty line. It shows how poor are remaining poor, he added. Again, the intensity has come down in Gujarat. But it is higher in Gujarat than in Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh. This indicates that the poor are poorer in Gujarat compared to the major states mentioned above.
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